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The Grand Central Art Galleries were the exhibition and administrative space of the nonprofit Painters and Sculptors Gallery Association, an artists' cooperative established in 1922 by Walter Leighton Clark together with John Singer Sargent, Edmund Greacen, and others.〔"Painters and Sculptors' Gallery Association to Begin Work," ''New York Times'', December 19, 1922〕 Artists closely associated with the Grand Central Art Galleries included Hovsep Pushman, George de Forest Brush, and especially Sargent, whose posthumous show took place there in 1928.〔"Grand Central Gallery Shows Material Found in Artist's Studio After His Death," ''New York Times'', February 15, 1928〕 The Galleries were active from 1923 until 1994.〔Telephone conversation with James D. Cox, March 10, 2010〕 For 29 years they were located on the sixth floor of Grand Central Terminal. At their 1923 opening, the Galleries covered and offered nine exhibition areas and a reception room,〔"New Art Gallery Opens to Throng," ''New York Times'', March 22, 1923〕 described as "the largest sales gallery of art in the world."〔"New Home for Art to Cost $100,000," ''New York Times'', March 11, 1923〕 In 1958 the Galleries moved to the second floor of the Biltmore Hotel, where they had six exhibition rooms and an office.〔"Galleries to End 36 Years in Depot," ''New York Times'', October 31, 1958〕 They remained at the Biltmore for 23 years, until it was converted into an office building.〔"Retaining Order to Block Biltmore Demolition Expires," ''New York Times'', August 19, 1981〕 The Galleries then moved to 24 West 57th Street, where they remained until they ceased activity. In addition to their main offices, the Grand Central Art Galleries directed a number of other enterprises. They launched the Grand Central School of Art in 1923, opened a branch gallery at Fifth Avenue and 51st Street in 1933,〔http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/collection/grancent.htm |1934 Grand Central Art Galleries catalog〕 and in 1947 established Grand Central Moderns〔"In Two Current New York Shows," ''New York Times'', September 17, 1950〕 to show non-figurative works. The Grand Central Art Galleries were also responsible for the creation, design, and construction of the United States Pavilion at the Venice Biennale.〔"American Art Show Opened at Venice," ''New York Times'', May 5, 1930〕 ==Origins== The Painters and Sculptors Gallery Association was established in 1922 by Walter Leighton Clark together with John Singer Sargent, Edmund Greacen, and others. As stated in the Galleries' 1934 catalog, their goal was to "give a broader field to American art; to exhibit in a larger way to a more numerous audience, not in New York alone but throughout the country, thus displaying to the world the inherent value which our art undoubtedly possesses."〔 The founders envisioned a nonprofit, cooperative organization, but one firmly supported by the best business principles〔"Great Art Gallery Will Open March 21," ''New York Times'', March 6, 1923〕 Greacen, an artist, is credited with having suggested the Galleries' financial structure: Artists who wished to join were required to give a work of art each year for three years as an initiation fee, after which they became life members. Non-artists (referred to as "lay members") agreed to give a sum of money (initially $600, the equivalent of $7,500 in 2008) to purchase one of the donated works, but available only after the first year. As Clark wrote: "The beauty of this plan of operation is that it accomplishes results in a practical way and is free from the sting of charity because the artists are actually underwriting their own organization."〔 Initial interest was strong, with many artists and lay members joining the new organization. "We had upward of one hundred names on each of the above lists," Clark wrote.〔 The original board of trustees consisted of Walter Sherman Gifford; the Galleries' architect, William Adams Delano; Robert DeForest, president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art; Frank Logan, vice-president of the Art Institute of Chicago;〔"Frank G. Logan (1851-1937)," ''Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago''〕 Irving T. Bush, president of the Bush Terminal Company; and artist and businessman Walter Leighton Clark. The association's charter and bylaws were written by Gifford and John G. Agar, president of the National Arts Club.〔"Arts Club Warned of Thought Trust," ''New York Times'', November 13, 1913.〕 Clark was elected president, DeForest vice-president, and Gifford became secretary and treasurer. Erwin S. Barrie, manager of the art collection of Carson Pirie Scott, was hired as director.〔"Erwin S. Barrie Dies at 97; Led Grand Central Galleries," ''New York Times'', July 27, 1983〕 The board sought a location in Manhattan that was central and easily accessible. Through the support of Alfred Holland Smith, president of the New York Central Railroad, the top of the Grand Central Terminal was made available. The official street address was 15 Vanderbilt Avenue. The Painters and Sculptors Gallery Association signed a 10-year lease,〔 and together with the railroad company, invested more than $100,000 in preparations.〔 The Galleries extended over most of the terminal's sixth floor, , and offered eight main exhibition rooms, a foyer gallery, and a reception area.〔 A total of 20 display rooms were to be created for what was intended to be "the largest sales gallery of art in the world."〔 The architect was Delano, best known for designing Yale Divinity School's Sterling Quadrangle. The Grand Central Art Galleries officially opened on March 23, 1923.〔 The event featured paintings by Sargent, Charles W. Hawthorne, Cecilia Beaux, Wayman Adams, and Ernest Ipsen. Sculptors included Daniel Chester French, Herbert Adams, Robert Aitken, Gutzon Borglum, and Frederic MacMonnies, who showed a fountain, ''The Boy and the Fish.''〔 The gala event attracted 5,000 people and received a positive review from the ''New York Times'': "The initial exhibition, seen for its own sake, is a beauty. Every artist seems to have realized that it is an occasion for putting his best work forward, and his best work could not be more favorably shown to the public. Even the galleries of the newest museums are not quite so favorable."〔 In keeping with the founders' conception of the Galleries as a commercial as well as artistic organization, the majority of the works on display were for sale. Prices ranged from $100 to $10,000, the most expensive one being by Hawthorne; Sargent's contribution was valued at $5,000. By 1934 Clark estimated that sales were $500,000 to $600,000 a year. Total sales up to that year were approximately $4,000,000. Two-thirds of proceeds on commercial sales were distributed to artists.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grand Central Art Galleries」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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